ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF GAS HYDRATES

Depletion of gas and oil reserves spurs the search for alternative sources of hydrocarbons. In this respect, the deposits of gas hydrates are assumed to be the most promising. Natural gas occurs in a solid compound with water in such reservoirs. This is a sort of “combustible ice” with methane molecules reliably enclosed in a network of ice cells made of water molecules. According to most researchers both in Russia and abroad, energy potential of gas hydrates on the Earth exceeds the potential of all fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal). The ecological aspect is governed by the fact that gas hydrates are the component of the geological environment extremely sensitive to induced alterations, which contributes to the enhancement of greenhouse effect when methane releases from gas hydrates into atmosphere under anthropogenic climate fluctuation. Methane content of gas hydrates in the world exceeds methane content of atmosphere by a few orders of magnitude. Methane present in the atmosphere enhances the greenhouse effect. Gas hydrates under temperatures and pressures approaching gas hydrate decomposition conditions are very environmentally hazardous: —under thermal disequilibrium, released methane can greatly heighten the greenhouse effect.

Keywords

Gas hydrates, methane, hydrocarbons, resources, energy potential, permafrost, shelf, greenhouse effect, atmosphere.

Issue number: 11
Year: 2018
ISBN:
UDK: 553.981
DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2018-11-0-77-91
Authors: Gudzenko V. T., Varenichev A. A., Gromova M. P.

About authors: Gudzenko V.T., Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Head of Department, Varenichev A.A., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Head of Department, e-mail: avar@viniti.ru, Gromova M.P.1, Deputy Head of Division, All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information of Russian Academy of Sciences (VINITI), 125190, Moscow, Russia.

REFERENCES:

1. Yakovlev A. I., Gubin S. V., Shchekin A. R. Al'ternativnye energonositeli v vide granul metana (klatrata) i serovodoroda [Alternative energy sources in the form of granulated methane (clathrate) and hydrogen sulfide]. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchnyy zhurnal «Al'ternativnaya energetika i ekologiya». 2013, no 03 (121). [In Russ].

2. Kollett T. S., L'yuis R., Uchida E. Rastushchiy interes k gazovym gidratam [Growing interest in gas hydrates]. Neftegazovoe obozrenie. Autumn. 2001, vol. 6, no 2, pp. 38—53. www.worldenergy.ru. [In Russ].

3. Inerbaev T. M., Subbotin O. S., Belosludov V. R., Belosludov R. V., Kavazoe E., Kudo D. I. Dinamicheskie, termodinamicheskie i mekhanicheskie svoystva gazov gidratov struktur. I, II [Dynamic, thermodynamic and mechanical properties of gas hydrates of structures. I, II]. Rossiyskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal. 2003, vol. XLVII, no 3. [In Russ].

4. Novaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya, t. XII (2) [New Russian encyclopedia, vol. XII (2)], Moscow, 2014, pp. 316—317.

5. Dyadin Yu. A., Gushchin A. L. Gazovye gidraty [Gas hydrates]. Sorosovskiy obrazovatel'nyy zhurnal. 1998, no 3 (28). [In Russ].

6. Dmitrievskiy A. N., Balanyuk I. E. Gazogidraty Barentsevomorskogo shel'fa i kriterii ustoychivosti morskogo dna [The Barents Sea shelf gas hydrates and stability criteria of the sea bottom]. Gazovaya promyshlennost'. 2009, no 7. [In Russ].

7. Molachiev A. S. Gazogidraty [Gas hydrates]. Energeticheskaya politika. 2010, issue 6. [In Russ].

8. Basniev K. S., Sukhonosenko A. L. Perspektivy osvoeniya resursov gazogidratnykh mestorozhdeniy [Prospects of development of gas hydrate reserves]. Gazovaya promyshlennost'. 2010, no 1. [In Russ].

9. Zakharenko V. S. Potentsial'nyy ekologicheskiy risk, svyazannyy s gazogidratami na zapadno-arkticheskoy kontinental'noy okraine [Potential ecological risk connected with gas hydrates in the West Arctic continental margin]. Zashchita okruzhayushchey sredy v neftegazovom komplekse. 2011, no 4. [In Russ].

10. Gevork'yan V. Kh., Sokur O. N. O glubinnom proiskhozhdenii metana v gazogidratakh [Deep-seated origin of methane in gas hydrates]. Geologicheskiy zhurnal. 2011, no 3. [In Russ].

11. Chervyakova Yu. I. Gazovye gidraty v Zapadnoy Arktike: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy [Gas hydrates in the West Arctic: Current state and prospects], Materialy mezhdunarodnoy molodezhnoy konferentsii, 26—29 September 2012. Murmansk, MGGU, 2012, pp. 233—236. [In Russ].

12. Sergienko V. I., Lobkovskiy L. I., Semiletov I. P., Dudarev O. V., Dmitrievskiy N. N., Shakhova N. A., Romanovskiy N. N., Kosmach D. A., Nikol'skiy D. N., Nikiforov S. L., Salomatin A. S., Anan'ev R. N., Roslyakov A. G., Salyuk A. N., Karnaukh V. V., Chernykh D. B., Tumskoy V. E., Yusupov V. I., Kurilenko A. V., Chuvilin E. M., Bukhanov B. A. Degradatsiya podvodnoy merzloty i razrushenie gidratov shel'fa morey Vostochnoy Arktiki kak vozmozhnaya prichina «metanovoy katastrofy» [Degeneration of underwater permafrost and decomposition of gas hydrates on the sea shelf in the East Arctic as a possible cause of «methane disaster»]. Doklady Akademii nauk. 2012, vol. 446, no 3. [In Russ].

13. Mazarovich A. O. Real'nye i potentsial'nye geologicheskie opasnosti na lozhe, sklonakh i shel'fe Mirovogo okeana [Realistic and potential geological hazards on the floor, sides and shelf of the World Ocean]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. 2012. vol. 82, no 8. [In Russ].

14. Metanogidraty: Vygody i riski [Methane hydrates: Benefits and risks]. Razvedka i dobycha. 2013, no 6, pp. 8—10. [In Russ].

15. Mishukova G. I., Pestrikova N. L., Mishukov V. F. Izmenchivost' raspredeleniya potokov metana na granitse voda — atmosfera na akvatoriyakh Yaponskogo, Okhotskogo morey i otkrytoy chasti Tikhogo okeana [Mishukova G.I., Pestrikova N.L., Mishukov V.F. Variability of methane flows at the water–air interface in the water area of the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk and the Pacific midocean]. VIII Kosyginskie chteniya. Tektonika, glubinnoe stroenie i minerageniya Vostoka Azii. Materialy vserossiyskoy konferentsii 17—20 September 2013, Khabarovsk. Vladivostok, Dal'nauka, 2013, pp. 539—543. [In Russ].

16. Akulichev V. A., Obzhirov A. I., Shakirov R. B., Malysheva E. V., Gresov A. I., Telegi Yu. A. Usloviya formirovaniya gazogidratov v Okhotskom more [Conditions of formation of gas hydrates in the Sea of Okhotsk]. Doklady Akademii nauk. 2014, vol. 454, no 3. [In Russ].

17. Aksel'rod S. M. Razrabotka zalezhey metanogidratov metodom zameshcheniya metana uglekislym gazom (po materialam zarubezhnoy literatury) [Development of methane hydrates using the method of methane replacement by carbon dioxide (foreign literature review)]. Karotazhnik. 2014, no 8 (242), pp. 70—102. [In Russ].

18. Mastepanov A. M. Gazogidraty v perspektivnom mirovom energeticheskom balanse: otsenki, problemy i neobkhodimye usloviya [Gas hydrates in the future global energy balance: Estimates, problems and requirements]. Problemy ekonomiki i upravleniya neftegazovym kompleksom. 2014, no 5. [In Russ].

19. Gazovye gidraty v rossiyskoy chasti Arktiki [Gas hydrates in the Russian Arctic]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Neft', gaz Arktiki», Moscow, 27—29 June 2006, Moscow, RGU nefti i gaza im. I.M. Gubkina, 2007, 351 p. [In Russ].

20. Peslya V. I. Problemy i perspektivy dobychi gaza iz gazogidratov [Problems and prospects of gas recovery from gas hydrates]. Vestnik SPbGEU. 2014, issue 1 (68), pp. 42—49. [In Russ].

21. Utilization of coalbed methane. Natur. Resours. Forum. 1996. 20. No 1. Pp 59—68.

22. Kruglyakova R. P., Rozov P. B. The Black Sea gas hydrates — the form of near-surface manifestations of deep-sea hydrocarbons. Near-surface expression of hydrocarbon migration AAPG Hedberg Reseach Conference. Abstracts. Canada, Voncouver, B. C. 1994.

23. Suess E., Fisk M., Kadko D. Thermal interaction between backare volcanism and basin sediments in the Bransfield Strait Antarctica. Antarctic Jornal of the United States. 1987. T. 22. Vol. 5. Pp. 46—49.

Our partners

Подписка на рассылку

Раз в месяц Вы будете получать информацию о новом номере журнала, новых книгах издательства, а также о конференциях, форумах и других профессиональных мероприятиях.