Analysis of the causes of piston valves failures compressors and ways of improvement their designs

Compressed air is used in the mining industry for drilling, ventilation, processing of raw materials and other work, which is caused by the higher safety of pneumatic equipment. This is relevant for explosive and fire hazardous industries, where the use of electrical equipment is undesirable. In this regard, it is necessary to use reliable machines that use pneumatic energy. The thermal regime, productivity and specific power consumption of reciprocating compressors are determined mainly by valves. Compressor valves must function reliably despite the high frequency of operation, high temperatures and possible contamination of the gas by foreign particles. If the valve fails, the compressor loses its functionality. Loads acting on the plate during compressor operation (bending in the closed state, impact at the moment of contact with the seat or limiter) lead to valve failure. the durability of valves is also affected by the structure and properties of the material from which the valve parts are made. From the practice of using valves with a cantilevered plate, it can be seen that they have a number of important drawbacks, mainly caused by the design of the valve. During the operation of the compressor, this arrangement of the plate in the valve is subjected to cyclic loads, which leads to the appearance of fatigue cracks, which are the main cause of breakdowns. These shortcomings were eliminated in the valve designs developed at the Ural State Mining University. The valves of the proposed design are distinguished by the absence of attachment of plates with springs to the valve seat, which reduced the magnitude of shock loads and increased the service life of the valve by 2−3 times. This decision made it possible to exclude the effect of a bending moment on the plate during the operation of the compressor, which made it possible to use spring-spring steel (65G or 55S2) or high-carbon steel after hardening and medium tempering instead of more expensive imported steels.

Khazin M. L., Volegov S. A., Sokerina O.V. Analysis of the causes of piston valves failures compressors and ways of improvement their designs. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2024;(1-1):21—33. [In Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2024_011_0_21.

Khazin M.L., Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, ORCID iD: 0000−0002−6081−4474, Ural State Mining University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620144, e-mail: Khasin@ursmu.ru;
Volegov S.A. , Ph.D. (Eng.), Associate Professor, ORCID iD: 0009−0000−2871−6826, Ural State Mining University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620144, e-mail: sevolegov2015@yandex.ru.
Sokerina O.V., teacher, ORCID iD: 0009-0003-6663-4719, Ural State Mining University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620144, e-mail: olga_vc@mail.ru.

Khazin M. L., sevolegov2015@yandex.ru.

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