CONTENT
ПОДЗЕМНАЯ РАЗРАБОТКА МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ
UNDERGROUND MINING
EREMENKO V.A.
GYPSUM-BOREHOLE OBSERVATION PLANT TO MONITOR STRESSES AND STRAINS IN DAMAGED AND ROCKBURST-HAZARDOUS ROCK MASS OF THE ABAKAN DEPOSIT
The gypsum-borehole observation plant installed for assessment of stresses and strains in rock mass enclosing Abakan iron ore body at Level –200 m (H = 785 m) aimed at the damaged and rockburst-hazardous rock mass control enables determination of time of deformation process initiation and period of underground excavation destruction, measurement of displacements at the perimeter of underground excavation, location of rock damage zones by means of boreholes, analysis of parameters of jointing, rating of rocks and finding their basic characteristics — RQD, Jn, Jr, Ja, Jw, SRF indexes.
Key words: rock mass stress-strain state estimation method, convergence, rock damage zones, mapping, excavation, stoping.
AGAFONOV V.V., SUSHCHEV R.A.
VALIDATION OF RATIONAL COMBINATIONS OF COAL MINING TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPLEX GEOMETRY EXCAVATION BLOCKS
In article various combinations of technology скважинной hydroextraction with a view of extraction of stocks from sites выемочных fields of a difficult configuration are considered.
Technological scheme of the hydraulic extraction through wells from the surface to practice steep coal seams, technological scheme for development of steep seams with roof rocks below average stability, Technological scheme for in-situ mining of steep coal seams from the underground mine workings stripes on the uprising. Based on the results of numerical simulation by the finite difference method, recommended parameters downhole application of hydraulic technology.
Key words: technology, collieries, скважинная hydroextraction, выемочное a field, industrial stocks.
ERMAKOV E.A., SENKUS V.V.
ANALYSIS OF ESTIMATES OF EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEMES OF COAL MINES
In article criteria of optimization of technological schemes of coal mines rassmarivatsya in a chronological order. The analysis estimates flowsheets coal mines to substantiate the choice of optimality criteria for operational blocks with reserves of 0.3 to 20 million tons and the short time of their testing.
Key words: criteria, optimality, efficiency, technological scheme, operational block.
ERMAKOV E.A., SENKUS V.V.
METHODOLOGY OF ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF FLOWSHEETS OF MINES ON ECONOMIC CRITERION AND TERMS OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
In the article the question of choice of variants of flowsheets of coal mines is examined on the basis of economic criterion and to the terms of industrial safety. Substantiation of technological and technical solutions to increase the efficiency of technological schemes of coal mines proposed for relative performance indicator. The results of calculation of the number of technological schemes of coal mines under the terms of industrial and fire safety on the proposed criteria.
Key words: methodology, estimation, efficiency, flowsheet, criterion, industrial safety.
KARKASHADZE G.G., VYSOTIN N.G.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT BETWEEN THE SOLID ALLOY AND ROCK TO A DEPTH OF PENETRATION OF THE INDENTER ELLIPTICAL SHAPE WITH A SINGLE BLOW
Described analytical model solid penetration of the indenter into the rock, which takes into account the effect of the friction force and its geometry. A significant effect of friction coefficient on depth of penetration. As the results of the calculations use elliptic indenter with a low coefficient of friction increases the depth of penetration at a single stroke nearly doubled, compared with spherical.
Key words: rock, indenter, friction, impact energy, the geometry of the indenter penetration depth.
KLIMOV V.V., REMEZOV A.V.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ABUTMENT DUE TO PRODUCTION HEADINGON NEIGHBOR EXCAVATIONS IN ASCENDING AND DESCENDING MEDIUM-THICK COAL CUTTING IN SUEK-KUZBASS MINES IN TERMS OF POLYSAEVSKAYA MINE
The article gives summary of the study into effect of abutment on neighbor excavations in Polysaevskaya mine. Ground conditions and the accepted mining method are described, characterization of Tolmachevsky coal bed and host rocks is given, and data of instrumental observations over distortions in roof and floor rocks are reported. By practice of stoping, the characteristic of host rocks is one of the key factors of impact exerted by production heading abutment on neighbor excavations. Descending mining revealed problems in sustaining design cross section of ventilation drives for the period of their operation and maintenance.
Key words: abutment effect analysis, mining technology, pillar size, ground conditions of coal bed, instrumental observations.
TRETYAK A.YA., LITKEVICH YU., GROSSU A.N.
THE TECHNOLOGY OF HYDRAULIC ORE MINING ON KURSK MAGNETIC ANOMALY FIELD
The known technologies of hydraulic borehole mining of iron ores used in Shemraevskoye ore deposit proved ineffective for use on Gostischevskoye field due to layers of rocks up to 90 cm of thickness, separating the thick layers of loose iron ore.The article discusses the possibility of applying the hydromining plant — drilling bit of cutting type with hydraulic monitor drive for the drilling of interlayers and preparation of the pulp. The structural layout of the drilling bit and hydromining plant with pulp-raising unit are presented in the article. The description of layers drilling and pulp preparation modes are given. Engineering calculations are made. The author proves the possibility of applying the drilling bit with hydraulic monitor drive for drilling rocks with the contact strength of Pk = 450 MPa which corresponds to average strength of interlayers on Gostischevskoye field.
Key words: hydraulic borehole mining of iron ores; Gostischevskoe deposit of iron ores; pulp-raising setting; drilling bit; hydraulic monitor drive; drilling rocks; calculations of cutting forces.
CHERNYSHOV A.V.
PROTECTION OF UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS BY ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
The short analysis of ways of protection of mountain developments is carried out at clearing works. A method for protection of mining output, which includes the installation of formwork and laying in her rapidly hardening material and characterized in that before installing formwork erect overlapping wedge-shaped, located on the top of in the direction of the roof removable reservoir.
Key words: protection of developments, ways of protection of developments.
OPEN-CAST
ZHIGULSKAYA A.I., ZYUZIN B.F., TANDELOV A.V., SHIKHMAGOMEDOV M.K.
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN THE CHOICE OF CONSTRUCTIVE AND CIRCUIT DECISIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT FOR TORFODREVESNOGO’S PROCESSING OF RAW MATERIALS
The analysis of ecological aspects which need to be considered at creation of technological schemes and a choice of design features of the applied equipment, promotes ensuring safe work of complexes for processing of torfo-wood raw materials and to introduction of biospheric and compatible waste-free technologies.
Key words: technological complex, processing of wood resources of a peat field, ecological aspects, biospheric and compatible technologies.
ISAEV V.A., DEMKINA A.A.
SUBSTANTIATION OF USE OF TAILS OF ENRICHMENT OLENEGORSKY GOK FOR RECEPTION OF SILICATE MATERIALS AUTOCLAVE HARDENING
The substantiation of use of technology autoclave processings of tails of enrichment Olenegorsky GOK for the purpose of reception of a commodity output of building appointment is executed. The chemical compound of tails of enrichment is studied. The basic components of tails are SiO2 (69.7 %), Fe2O3 (7.98 %), Al2O3 (4.96 %), CaO (4.9 %). On the basis of calculations of factor of basicity of investigated object it is established, that for strengthening of knitting properties, its structure is necessary for correcting introduction of additives, that contain CaO. It is established, that for parity СаО: SiO2 ≈ 1 it is necessary to add not slaked to exhaust in quantity ~ 44.7 %. Using literary data, are developed optimum modes autoclave processings: parity S:L, temperature and pressure, time of endurance and a hashing mode. Laboratory experiments on autoclave to processing mixture, by the presented mix of investigated tails with not slaked limestone are made. The structure of end-products has been studied by a method x-ray phase analysis. Products autoclave hardening before analysis performance were exposed to roasting at temperature 930 °С. It is established, that as a result autoclave processings a number calcium silicates, including type silicates vollastonit, rankinit, and also 3-calcium type silicates alit is formed. At the studied modes and conditions more than 80 % of free quartz have entered interaction with calcium oxide. The carried out researches have shown, that the material structure of initial raw materials allows at the expense of adjustment by a parity of components of a mix, their dispersion, modes autoclave processings and a variation in technological parametres of formation and hardening to receive products with wide enough range of density and durability.
Key words: tailings, lime, autoclaves, x-ray analysis, calcium silicates.
KAIMONOV M.V., PANISHEV S.V.
FORECAST TEMPERATURE REGIME STRIPPING ROCK QUARRIES CRYOLITHOZONE
On the example of lignite deposit Kangalassky conducted calculations forecast temperature array permafrost rocks before and after blasting. It is shown that the formation of the temperature field in the exploded rock mass influenced date (temperature and climatic period, season) blasting. The results indicate that the scheme mining dragline exploded array may vary at different times of the year.
Key words: permafrost, freezing together, the rock temperature, dragline, mathematical modeling.
KISLYAKOV V.E., KAZAKOVA O.YU.
ANALYSIS OF NATURAL MOISTURE CONTENT REDUCTION IN CLAYEY PLACER MINING
The article discusses results of analysis of natural moisture content reduction in clayey placers depending on treatment aimed at weakening gold sand before flushing and gravity concentration.
Key words: placer gold, clay, disintegration, concentration.
YANITSKY E.B., DUNAEV V.A.
RATIONALE FOR TECHNIQUE OF OPERATIONAL SAMPLING APATITE-STAFFELITE ORES OF KOVDORSKY DEPOSIT
The technique experimentally testing slime plume of drilling and blasting wells in the open-pit mining of apatite-staffelite ores is described. Proved the necessity of testing each well drilled on the blasting block in ore de-posits and in the immediate vicinity from it due to the variability of content of P2O5 in apatite-staffelite ores.
Key words: apatite-staffelit deposit, open-pit mine, drilling and blasting well, phosphorus pentoxide, plume of sediments of sludge, representative zone, coefficient of variation.
ENRICHMENT OF MINERALS
ALIKULOV SH.SH., NAZHIMOV F.F.
ANALYSIS OF IN-SITU URANIUM LEACHING REFERENCE MODEL CUSTOMIZATION TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF A DEPOSIT
On the basis of this analysis, the determined model of process of developed. As a method of the determined modeling the functional analysis which predetermined research of relationships of cause and effect of process, proceeding from the physical and chemical regularities proceeding in natural environments is chosen. The equations (mathematical dependences) taking into account fundamentals of hydrodynamics, kinetics of leaching and a mass transfer are developed for the description of process. The decision of the received systems of the equations gives a required ratio between input and output parameters of process in dynamics of its development. And the analysis of results of a response of systems to change of input parameters allows to exercise purposeful control and optimization of parameters of system.
Key words: underground leaching, hydrodynamics, mudding, well, modeling, flow rate, flow rate of reagent sulfuric acid.
LOMONOSOV G.G., TURTIGINA N.A.
INFLUENCE OF COARSE-GRAINED COPPER-NICKEL ORE RAW MATERIALS CLASS AND ITS CHANGEABILITY UPON THE BENEFICATION INDICATION
The work deals with the correlation analyses of ore dimensions influence upon main technological indications of its processing. The increase of coarse — grained ore lumps class from 5 to 300 mm is the result of nickel content reduction in mined ores, which leads to decreasing of metals extraction into concentrate and output reduction two times as much. The main reason of such effects is the availability of ores segregation in technological scheme of the «Zapolyarny» mine. In its turn this fact influences upon the stability of mined ore mass composition in the total orestream. Reduction of metal content changeability in initial ore together with the segregation phenomenon will make it possible to improve benefication result.
Key words: ore ratio, segregation, maintenance, mine, stabilization ore quality, mining company.
KHARLAMOVA T.A., ALAFEDOV A.F., BAKHIR V.M.
ENRICHMENT OF GOLD-CONTANING ORE BY METHOD OF HYDROCHLORINATION
The aim of presented publication is hydrochloride ores desalination kinetics research with using of specially developed and produced laboratory facilities which simulate basic stages of process: activation of solution by muriatic acid (saturation by mixture of oxidants — chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, chloride dioxide, ozone, and oxidation-redaction potential increase), ore desalination in reactor in time of mixing, unwanted chlorine selection and it’s recycling. Production of activated solution of muriatic acid was made by Oxitron-M equipment, which was made by “Delfin Aqua” LLC.
Basic working section of equipment is flow modular electrochemical elements which are consisted of external cylindrical titanium cathode, oxide zirconium micro-filtration membrane and tubular titanium anode.
The object of research was oxygenized ore, basic ore minerals of which are malachite and lazuli, but non ore material is silica, with more than 70 % ore grade of concentration. Metals ore grade of concentration is Cu 1.27 %; Mo 0.002 %; Au 1.1 gram/ton; Ag 5,5 gram/ton.
Results showed that method which is based on using of wet mixture of oxidants is effective for desalination of metals from oxygenized ore. For the first time was researched kinetics of extraction of copper, gold, silver, and molybdenum from stage of fine crushing while processing of it by wet mixture of oxidants which was made by Oxitron-M equipment with optimized characteristics of process.
Key words: enrichment, kinetics of leaching, oхide ore, wet miх of oхidants.
PHYSICS OF ROCKS AND PROCESSES
GOLYNETS O.S., SERGEEVA A.S., NIKONOVA N.A., EPSHTEIN S.A.
PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION OF INFRARED THERMOGRAVIMETRIC MOISTURE METERS TO DETERMINE TOTAL MOISTURE OF SOLID MINERAL FUEL
The main advantages of using infrared thermogravimetric (IR TG) moisture meters with different types of IR sources for the technical analysis of solid mineral fuel on the enterprises of coal mining and coal processing industry are considered. The necessity of the development of interstate standard for IR TG method of the determination of total moisture in brown coals, hard coals and anthracite is shown. The sequence of development of an express measurement procedure for coals of various grades using the State primary standard of mass (molar) fraction and mass (molar) concentration of water in liquid and solid substances and materials GET 173-2013 is considered. The procedure of choosing drying temperature modes is described. The dynamics of the heating of coals samples under the influence of IR radiation is analyzed. The comparison of the results of determining the total moisture in solid mineral fuel using IR TG method with the measurement results using air-thermal methods (rapid and to constant weight) and method of drying in a stream of nitrogen is performed. The data demonstrating the significant reduction in the total analysis time of coals using IR TG moisture meters compared with standardized measurement methods are presented. The final measurement mode for IR TG moisture meters and metrological characteristics of the developed express measurement procedure are given.
Key words: solid mineral fuel, total moisture, infrared thermogravimetric method.
ZHURAVLEVA N.V., POTOKINA R.R., ISMAGILOV Z.R.
THE STUDY OF THE GAS CONTENT OF COALS FROM THE USINSK DEPOSIT IN THE PECHORA COAL BASIN BY DIRECT AND INDIRECT METHODS
The indirect and the direct methods for determination of the gas content of coal samples from boreholes of the Pechora coal basin (Vorkuta deposit, Russia) have been studied. To determine the gas content by indirect method special instrument was made which allows to define maximum gas-capacity at a pressure of 80 atm. Installation provides testing under temperature, pressure gas measured in the coal seam. A comparative analysis of the two methods for determining the gas content of coal seams was carried out. It was shown that the direct method is the most common, but the accuracy of the analysis depends on many factors: the rise time of the coal core to its sealing, quality of sealing canisters, timely delivery of samples to the laboratory. The advantage of indirect methods is the ability to conduct a series of analyzes on the same sample, drawn from the coal seam. Indirect method of determining the gas content of coal seams complements and refines the gas content obtained by the direct method. Qualitative and quantitative composition of the coal gases defined based of the methods on a combination of gas-liquid chromatography and gas adsorption.
Key words: natural coal, coal bed methane, indirect method, direct method, gas content, adsorption.
ZALETOV S.V.
AXISYMMETRIC PROBLEM OF BEARING PRESSURE ON DEFORMABLE COAL SEAM
On the basis of the solution of the axisymmetric problem about deformation of an elastic half-space method is supposed for calculating the normal stress on the contact of rocks with coal seam in the vicinity of cylindrical working. The influence of the deformability of the seam and its depth at bearing pressure is numerically investigated.
Key words: rock mass, coal seam, cylindrical working, bearing pressure, theoretical and numerical investigations.
KHAPILOVA N.S., ZALETOV V.V., ZALETOV S.V.
THE INFLUENCE OF DEFORMABILITY OF COAL SEAM AT SPATIAL STRESSED-STRAINED STATE OF ROCK MASS NEAR OF CAVITY
It is created the method of the calculation of the three-dimensional stressed state of a rock mass with a working, which has an arbitrary form of the section in the plane. It is numerically investigated the distribution of stresses near the cavity in the form of a cuboid.
Key word: rock mass, coal seam, prismatic working, the spatial stressed-strained state, regularities.
ANTONOV V.A., KHARISOV T.F.
STUDY OF THE DEFORMATION OF ROCKS IN THE PROCESS OF VERTICAL SHAFT SINKING
The results of experimental measurements of deformation of rocks surrounding the vertical shaft, regression revealed regularity of its change in connection with the deepening of the bottom of the barrel. The theoretical interpretation of the patterns on the basis of plastic-elastic properties of rock mass. The practical conclusions and recommendations.
Key words: the mining, construction slaughter, mountain range, deformation, regression.
EPSHTEIN S.A. MEIDEL I.M. KHARAHAN M.L.
DETERMINATION OF MACROELEMENTS IN COAL
The articles review standard methods of determining chemical composition of coal ash. It is shown that determination of coal ash chemistry includes simultaneously three standards, where one standard is based on classical analytical chemistry, and the two other standards rest upon modern spectral analysis methods — X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The methods of determining chemical composition of ash are compared in terms of accuracy. The spectral methods feature narrower ranges of components to be identified and require large assortment of standard specimens for calibration testing of equipment. The data of experimental analysis of chemical ash of four coal specimens using various standard methods are reported. It is shown that the data obtained with the spectral methods differ from the chemical method results in content of oxides. The discrepancy is most probably connected with the peculiarities of the spectral methods, in particular, with the equipment calibration testing. When using alternative methods of the equipment calibration and the data correctness control, it is necessary to have a wide range of standard specimens to model the variety of composition of coals and their derivatives. Introduction of the spectral methods for determination of chemical composition of ash in the conditions of unavailability of standard specimens and calibration testing mixtures can result in serious divergences on the market, especially, in calculation of ash basicity index.
Key words: coal, macroelements, chemical composition of ash, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, accuracy, standard specimens.
CHRONIKLE OF HISTORICAL EVENTS МGА — МGI — МGGU — МISiS
MEASURING, CONTROL, DIAGNOSTICS
AKSENOV V.N., AFANASYEV L.V., CHEREPETSKAYA E.B.
VISUALIZATION OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE CARBON COMPOSITES BY LASER ULTRASONIC SPECTROSCOPY
The non-destructive diagnostics of the internal structure of carbon composites made with laser-ultrasonic structurescope GEOSCAN-02MU, working in echoscopy regime make it possible to characterize inter layers of composites with defects in the form of breaking.
Key words: visualization, carbon composites, laser ultrasound.
GALAVETDINOV V.Z. DAVYDENKO B.Y. EREMIN V.V.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DISCHARGE — PULSE TECHNOLOGY IN COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
To strengthen the anchorages of deep excavations struts cleats and ground anchors are used. Fixing fences of excavations by ground anchors of small diameter (0,114—0,150 m) and high load carrying capacity (300—1000 kN) is a relatively new kind of building structures, as used in the practice of domestic construction only in the last 25 years. At the same time, in countries such as France, Germany, England, USA, Japan, Poland anchoring found widespread already in the 60 s. Recently, well-known structures and anchoring techniques replenished with new, which adequacy to requirements remains poorly understood. At the same time, a number of questions, concerning performance and reliability of «fencing — anchor — clay» system. This required additional research to ensure the strength and stability of the construction, excavation anchoring and evaluating the bearing capacity of anchors. The processes in flooded soils (sand, loam), resulting from exposure to electric explosion in the ground are analyzed. This paper describes the electric discharge technology for setting geotechnical constructions, allowing the anchors and piles with increased bearing capacity. The principle of operation of the generator of pulse currents is looked at. The physics of electric explosion is described.
Key words: discharge-pulse technology, electric explosion, pulse current generator, anchor, pile, flooded soil, bearing capacity.
ZHURAVLEVA N.V. IVANYKINA O.V. ISMAGILOV Z.R., POTOKINA R.R.
THE CONTENT OF TOXIC ELEMENTS IN OVERBURDEN AND ENCLOSING ROCKS OF COAL DEPOSITS OF THE KEMEROVO REGION
The results of the definition of total, mobile, and water-soluble forms of toxic elements in overburden and enclosing rocks of coal deposits of the Kemerovo region are presented. Systematization of data carried out on 112 samples of industrial waste of overburden and enclosing rocks. The concentrations of elements in the samples were determined by atomic emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy after appropriate sample preparation. From the results of studies follows that the concentrations of total forms of toxic elements (vanadium, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium, zinc, manganese) do not exceed the standardized indicators for the main types of soils typical of the Kemerovo region. Maximum total content of mercury (7.1 mg/kg), antimony (6.5 mg/kg), arsenic (18.2 mg/kg) was found for enclosing rocks. These elements are contained to a greater degree in the organic part of enclosing rocks. The concentration of total form of chromium in the waste coal is in the range from 20.0 to 171.2 mg/kg, but the content of this form element in soils in Russia is not standardized. The maximum content of the mobile element forms observed for copper (23.8 mg/kg), nickel (21.0 mg/kg), zinc (82.4 mg/kg) and lead (51.7 mg/kg). The concentration of mobile forms of manganese in the overburden and enclosing rocks vary widely — from 26.0 to 539.0 mg/kg. On the magnitude of the ratio of excess of parameters for water-soluble forms of toxic elements can be offered the following sequence: Mo> Cu> V> Zn> Mn> As> Cr> Ni> Pb.
Key words: toxic elements, total, mobile, water-soluble forms of toxic elements, over-burden and enclosing rocks, coal deposits.
NABATOV V.V.
GPR SURVEYS OF SUBSOIL NEAR DAMAGED UNDERGROUND UTILITIES INVOLVING CMP METHODIC
Experience of ground penetrating radar surveys of subsoil near damaged underground utilities is generalized. Radargrams, interpretation and identification features of water-saturated rocks zones, buried river channels, voids caused by utility damage and drained rocks zones are shown. The results of CMP-researches are used as one of the identification features. Surveys are conducted by superpower low frequency GPR with resistively loaded dipoles (resistive Vee dipole, loaded with the Wu-King profile).
Key words: damaged underground utilities, water-saturated rocks zones, buried river channels, voids, drained rocks zones, ground-penetrating radar, GPR, superpower GPR, low frequency GPR, high penetration depth.
ORLOV A.O., SMIRNOV YU.G.
COMPLEX CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PARAMETERS OF A SHOTCRETE SUPPORT AT THE DEEP LEVELS
The paper presents research results on creation of the complex control system for parameters a shotcrete support at an operating mining enterprise. The results focus on providing safe mining operations.
Key words: support, shotcrete support, strength, undestroying control, mining working.
SIZIN P.E., SHKURATNIK V.L.
THEORETICAL ESTIMATION OF MICROCRACKS INFLUENCE ON ROCKS CONDUCTIVITY WITH MAXWELL APPROXIMATION
Theoretical solution of problem of microcracks concentration in rock samples influence on its electrical resistance is considered. The problem is solved in the approximation of Maxwell applied to cracks in the form of ellipsoids of revolution with a given value R of major axis and minor axis tending to zero. It is assumed that the results of solution will depend only on orientation of cracks with respect to measuring electrodes, values of R and the ratio of average distance between cracks to their characteristic size. The cases of orthogonal and parallel cracks arrangement relative to direction of current flow, and their even location over the solid angle for different values of the conductivity of the inclusions and rock are analyzed. It is noted that the obtained analytical expressions are valid for assessing the impact of microcracks on dielectric constants of samples. Numerical evaluation of relative change of conductivity and permittivity of the samples for different values of cracks concentration are presented. These estimates indicate low sensitivity of electrometric control of microcracks geoenvironment study. A substantial mismatch of theoretical estimates with available experimental data is noted. It can be explained by the absence of clustering cracks in proposed model even at low mechanical stress.
Key words: rocks, microcracks, impedance method, theoretical model, Maxwell approximation.
SHCHERBININA G.P., PROSTOLUPOV G.V.
HIGH-PRECISION GRAVIMETRY FOR FAIL-SAFE MINING OF VERKHNEKAMSKОЕ POTASSIUM DEPOSIT
Some results of gravimetric surveys conducted for fail-safe development of a potash Deposits problems solving are presented. A fair amount of accidents has stimulated the beginning of using of geophysical methods series, including gravity survey, to solve problems on rocks exploration. Interpretation of the measured at more than one times gravitational fields and data about the geological structure in changeable rock conditions allowed us to detect anomalies due to density inhomogeneities of geological and man-made nature. The dynamic anomalies — areas, where some change of the gravity field are observed, were found and they’re indicating that some processes in the rocks take place. In the undermined stratum areas are discovered that may cause emergency situations and do require constant monitoring and proper attention of mining services.
Key words: gravity anomaly, mine, salt, accident, security, deformation.
BUILDING OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTIONS AND MINES
FEDOROVA E.V., DAVYDENKO B.Y., DEDURA A.E.
EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF STEEL-FIBRECONCRETE WHEN BUILDING UNDERGROUND-GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURES IN SUSTAINABLE SOIL
The increase in construction in rocky regions, such as Krasnodar edge, Crimea, inevitably leads to the improvement of technology of development of underground space in sustaina blesoils. Temporary mount excavations at penetration continuous slaughter or step by th way in rocky soil fractured, average strength and strong to be accomplished with the use of the anchor or spraying concrete supports, or their combinations. Innovative method of application of steel-fibre concrete application directly on the breed allows you to keep a steady state mass around mine workings. Efficiency of application of steel-fibre concrete is due to a partial or full waiver of reinforcing grids from the bar reinforcement and, accordingly, reduction of construction time and effort, increase of terms of operation due to the increase crack resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The basic idea consists in using the regularities of the distribution of stresses in the mountain for a substantiation of effective methods and ways of managing geomechanical processes in the development of underground constructions with application of innovative technologies of mounting working fibre concrete. The article analyses the processes in rocky soil, resulting from exposure to different ways of penetration. Substantiated the advantage of applying steel-fibre materials.
Key words: mountain way, rocky soil, digging underground mine, stressed-deformed state of a massif, steel-fibre-concerete.
MINING CARS, THE EQUIPMENT AND TRANSPORT
BIBIKOV P.YA., BARDOVSKII A.D., MITUSOV P.E., KALAKUTSKII A.V.
DESIGN IN ADDITION SHREDDER CLASSIFIER FOR PROCESSING WEAK ROCKS
The article gives a brief analysis of the means of destruction rock mass with the help of the most common mechanical equipment. Describes the process of destruction of rock mass and the influence of the means of destruction on the energy efficiency of the process. The conclusion is made about the necessity to develop the new type grinding equipment used for the destruction of weak mining rocks with simultaneous classification. Given the constructive scheme of a chopper-classifier, given a description of the principles of its work.
Key words: shredder-classifier, shear stresses, the shaft-shredder, perforated drum, different circumferential speeds.
VOLOSHINOVSKIY K.I.
HARDWARE & CIRCUIT DECISIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING SPARK & EXPLOSION SAFETY, GENERAL ARGUMENT OBJECTIONS
In the article adduced general objections to spark & explosion safety schemes for electronic devices, applied to industrial gas consumption accounting with cited parameters of regulary used schemes with different kinds of scheme elements with galvanic isolation, so allows to consider a set of junctions with galvanic isloation for developing spark & explosion safety schemes and there junction schems, typic variants spark & explosion safety islolation schemes are also listed, due to expound of general argument objections according to source data for purposeful sparksafety scheme desing.
Key words: intrinsically- and explosion protection, electronic devices, galvanic isolation, supply chain, oporno-throttle interchange.
EROFEEVA N.V., CHEBOTOVA I.N., SOLODYANKIN S.S.
THERMAL WEAR OF CONVEYOR BELTS
The authors identified causes of heat conveyer belts wear for transporting hot cargoes. They brought the thermographs of the temperature distribution of coke on ramp at the moment of unloading with quenching wagon and after a manual extinguishing. The authors set objectives for continuation of the thermal studies of conveyer belts for transporting hot cargoes.
Key words: conveyor belt, thermal wear, quenching car, the traffic, the imager.
OSNOVINA O.N., BOEVA L.M.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE IMPROVE OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT BY IMPLEMENTING THE SERVICE STRATEGY ACCORDING TO THE ACTUAL STATE
It is feasible to reduce the failure rate of equipment during its operation over the project and provide the required operational reliability through active impact on the equipment in implementing its strategy of maintenance and repair on the actual state.
Key words: mining and metallurgical equipment, operational reliability, residual life, the system of preventive maintenance, maintenance strategy on the actual state.
AUTOMATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
KUPRIYANOV V.V., LEBEDEV P.D.
ANALYSIS OF FAULT TOLERANCE CONTROL SYSTEM OF A VEHICLE INFORMATION
The article describes one method of assessing the reliability of the information system of a vehicle resistant to random failures. Deals with situations where the currently existing solutions are not optimal and efficient.
Key words: resiliency IMS vehicle, the probability of a node failure, the information management system of the car, a control unit, a grouping of nodes.
SHVEDOV K.I.
SYSTEM OF UNIFICATION DATA TYPES BETWEEN DIFFERENT DBMS IN PROJECTS OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
At present time there is no single database that would implement all the required functionality in enterprises of various purposes. Necessary modifications connect other related DBMS, introduced new and innovative programmes. Rarely when this is all on one platform with the main program or the database.
Experimental development «System of standardisation of data types» (SUTD) allows to simplify the exchange of data between systems. Data exchange is carried out with the platforms and the associated systems.
The aim was to make the software product is the most convenient and mobile, and does not require much time to scan and the settings that will allow to develop more accurate and quick software products, notafraid for theimplementation of their relations with «old» complexes. There is an economy of resources, no need to translate the main software complex new platform for itsintegration with quite a small area. In some cases, the translation systems in use is generally not possible.
The development of a «System of standardisation of data types» allows engineers, programmers, and various enthusiasts with promising ideas and developments to take part in global efforts in the framework of the common system.
Key words: database, control system, unification of types, temporary tables, converting of data.
ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
ARUTYUNOV T.V., ARUTYUNOV A.A., SAVENOK O.V., MOLLAEV Z.H.
METHODOLOGY OF THE ESTIMATION RESOURCE SHALE DEPOSITS
In article are considered methodological bases of the estimation resource shale postponing, which present itself system problem of the mining shale hydrocarbon. The put problem: development principle to categorizations oil and gas production systems on sign of the uncertainties, vagueness and discontinuity. Base determination of the shale sorts is worded as material systems with typical sign.
Key words: shale deposits, non-traditional resources, estimation spare to shale oil, development methodological bases, uncertainty and vagueness commercial information.
PETROVA T.V., BOBKO K.I.
MECHANISMS OF LAND RECLAMATION IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL IN THE WORLD EXPERIENCE
The problem of funding reclamation of disturbed lands by mining enterprises in Russia is becoming more urgent. The article describes mechanisms of control and ensuring of land reclamation of countries leading in coal production and export, on different stages of coal companies' work. Countries' choices are based on their geographical location and economic development stage. The most significant aspects of legal regulation of subsoil use in the restoration and land are identified, that aspects are associating with each of the discussed mechanisms of government ensuring of the environment conservation. The analysis and systematization of financial ensuring for land reclamation is implemented in tabular form using the introduction of unified criteria (characteristics). The analysis process was identified the mechanisms providing varying degrees of considering of public opinion in different countries, the environment conservation, their «performance», social orientation, interaction with business that uses land after remediation. Comparison of state control systems of land reclamation was revealed that despite the fact that mechanisms have similar age, they have different «maturity». Further, the authors proved the mechanisms suitable for their adaptation and the most efficient use in the medium term in the modern realities of the Russian Federation.
Key words: land reclamation, control mechanism, funding for remediation, licensing of mining activities, coal mining country, environment, legal aspects.
BUSYREV V.M., CHURKIN O.E.
BALANCE OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS IN SUBSOIL USE AS A PREREQUISITE TO SUSTAINABLE DEPOSIT DEVELOPMENT
The method is described to evaluate mineral reserves consumed by the mining enterprise for commercial production and application of identified costs for distribution of revenue earned in compliance with share holding of government and subsoil owner in deposit development. The results are shown of using this method based on case study of Kovdor phlogopite deposit.
Key words: reserves, cost, balance of interests, evaluation method.
MOLEV M.D., ZANINA I.A., STUZHENKO N.I.
METHODOLOGY OF FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC MONITORING AT THE LEVEL OF THE CONSTITUENT ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article describes scientific and methodological, organisational and technical bases of formation of regional ecological-economic monitoring system. The results of research in the field of development of integrated subject forecasts modelling potential scenarios.
Key words: ecological-economic monitoring, forecasting, modeling, methodology, solution algorithm of forecasting tasks, information.
OGANESYAN A.S., AGAFONOV V.V.
THE INFLUENCE OF DEFORMABILITY OF COAL SEAM AT SPATIAL STRESSED-STRAINED STATE OF ROCK MASS NEAR OF CAVITY
The summary. In article the basic aspects of the methodological approach to an estimation of investment appeal of collieries are stated.
Key words: an estimation, resource potential, strategy, collieries.
TIBILOV D.P., FRANKEVICH ZH.A.
FEATURES OF ECONOMIC PLANNING IN THE PREPARATION OF THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT OF COAL DEPOSITS
Article is devoted to solving urgent problems of economic development of the feasibility study of conditions of coal deposits. Techno-economic evaluation of the deposit, which is made in the justification of conditions, determines the national economic effect of the use of mineral resources in the short and long term. The paper analyzes the main issues of the economic feasibility study of conditions and offers recommendations to address them. The main issues the authors attributed the formation of variants of conditions for deposit, investment costs, operating costs, and selling prices.
At the stage of formation of variants of conditions for deposit in individual cases, the number of these options wrongly (sometimes artificially) increases. The authors note that additional economic calculations are suitable in cases involving a practicing formations with complex geological conditions, the transfer of settlements, roads, paths, rivers, and are not suitable for the consideration of the financing conditions, taking into account forecasts of cost parameters. In addition, various approaches to the definition of a rational variant of conditions for new construction of production facilities, as well as participation (total or partial) of existing production in the mining of the considered area. The article discusses the structure of the investment costs, depending on the specific area (field). Considered operating costs and noted that sufficient for exploratory condition the degree of reliability of the calculations is provided only with the possibility of determining all the elements. It is noted that the rationale for selling prices should be directly related to the consideration of possible markets.
The analysis allowed to identify a number of typical errors in the implementation of the economic feasibility study. The authors identify common mistakes, mistakes in forming the parameters of conditions, the formation of investment and operating costs, determining the conditions of implementation, and offer recommendations to address them.
Key words: condition for mineral raw materials, the feasibility study of conditions, variations of conditions for deposit, capital investments, the cost of reproduction of fixed assets, investment costs, operating costs, the cost of implementation.
ECOLOGY AND SAFETY EXPLORATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
POTAPENKO V.A., VOSKANYAN A.M.
GEOINFORMATION SUPPORT OF ECOLOGICAL MONITORING IN MOSCOW COAL BASIN
Aimed at control of geological and hydrogeological environment, Research and Design Institute PNIUI has developed a working draft of integrated ecological monitoring of coal mine closure implications in the Tula Region. Applicability of geoinformation systems to locating drives or survey marks, or hydrology observation holes with mouths at the ground level at a time is described. Availability of Garmin and Navitel navigation allows monitoring using satellite navigation technology. Actual introduction of mine plans in the navigation device memory and connection with standard Geographical Reference System was only succeeded with the device with Android operating system based on Linux.
Key words: geological and hydrogeological environment, Moscow Coal Basin, monitoring, satellite navigation, mine fields.
EXPLOSIVE WORKS
MISHEDCHENKO O.A., ROMANOV V.N., PALANKOEV I.M.
EXPLOSION-GENERATED PULSE CONTROL IN SHAFT SINKING
The actuality of the explosive impulse control for bore-explosive technology of mining excavations’ building is analyzed. The blast (bore) hole refractors’ parameters are validated. Results of laboratory and industrial tests are described. The future directions are defined.
Key words: explosion-generated pulse, hypersonic flow-past, refractor parameters, ballistic pendulum, blasthole charge, drilling-and-blasting, drivage, underground excavation.
CHEFRANOV I.V., LYUBOMISHCHENKO E.I.
EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK IN DRILLING AND BLASTING METHOD OF THE WORKINGS
The technique of risk assessment of injuries of workers in the preparatory slaughter conducted by drilling and blasting method. Presents the scale of the level of professional risk depending on the class working conditions and practical recommendations to reduce injuries in the formulation. This professional risk assessment when carrying out excavations drilling and blasting method involves three parameters: the intensity of production factors, the probability of finding a person in places manifestations of hazardous production factors, an analysis of the effects of injury (possible damage).
Key words: risks, injuries, hazards, drilling and blasting method, class work, practical recommendations.
GEOLOGY
BARABASHEVA E.E.
PREDICTION OF ORE DEPOSITS-DISPERSED ORGANOMETALLIC FORM OF GOLD
The paper presents the criteria of weather stations visible concentration (core) of gold and particulate organo-metallic gold on the basis of the assessment of a high content of elements biophylic satellites and gold content in the samples Sorgue.
Key words: biogeochemical recycling, organometallic form of gold, biogeochemical associated ore-forming elements.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING
KHALKECHEV K.V.
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EARTH’S NATURAL RESOURCES AND MINING SCIENCES
The mathematical model of an elastic field of tension in polycrystalline materials at ideal and smooth surfaces of contact is constructed. The mathematical model to be reduced to the integrated equations which decision allows to receive a final formula for calculation of a tensor of tension in grains of various orientation in a contact zone. Computer experiment with various metals and geomaterials by definition of an elastic field of tension in a contact zone the Analysis of scale of heterogeneity is made allowed to determine the necessary sizes of the area of contact and depth of a blanket allowing to create conditions for predictability and management of processes of formation of an intense and deformable state.
Key words: wear and stress-strain state of contacting solids; structure-sensitive parameters; scale of statistical heterogeneity of polycrystal materials; typical size of volume element; perfectly smooth surfaces; integral equations; tensor of elasticity moduli of an individual grain; stress tensors in grain at different spatialization; computer-aided experiment.
HISTORY OF MINING
ROMANOV V.N.
THE FIRST RUSSIAN MINERS
This article provides historical information about the origination of the mining industry in Russia and the first miners, from A.D. Venus to N. Demidov. A historical review of the State approach to the development of mining and metallurgical works from the legislative consolidation of the first mining privileges to the public mining management, ordered by Peter the Great is presented.
Key words: mining, history of mining, iron ore, metallurgical work.
TKACH S.M., BATUGIN S.A.
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EARTH’S NATURAL RESOURCES AND MINING SCIENCES
The stages of birth, origin and development of knowledge of Earth's resources from the earliest times to the present day are considered.
The brightest moments in the history of mankind in the period 50—4 thousand years B.C. and the emergence of mining, became the ancestor of many sectors of the economy are marked.
The era of great generalizations, systematization of experience and knowledge, after a long period of medieval stagnation, accumulated by centuries and millennia are considered.
Chain reaction of scientific discoveries in mathematics and mechanics, physics, chemistry and biology from the 12th century to the 80s of the 20th century, reflecting as deep disintegration and so the increasing integration of the natural and all of Earth Sciences. The advanced rate of development of the complex science of chemistry and biology with the 18—19 centuries past century is seen.
It is shown that the existing knowledge management systems on Earth's natural resources, access to knowledge and reasonable use require reconsideration since the beginning of the 3rd millennium.
Key words: stages, natural resources, mining, chain reaction of the development of knowledge, history of development, knowledge management.
WORKS OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS
VAKULENKO I.S., NIKOLAEV P.V.
ANALYSIS AND OUTLOOK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL FREEZING OF ROCKS IN UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
The article analyzes the development of the method of artificial ground freezing during the construction of underground structures, the results of experimental and theoretical studies related to the definition of freezing time. It is shown that the importance of the development and improvement of methods of artificial freezing of soils has increased sharply in connection with the development of innovative technical solutions underground space development of megacities. development trend of numerical simulation methods substantiated for the process of soil freezing. In the article is designated the ability to produce mathematical modeling for each object. The basic directions for further improvement are offered for the method of artificial soil freezing.
ERMAKOV E.A.
JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMUM RATIOS OF VOLUMES OF PRODUCTION, COAL RESERVES, OPENED, PREPARED AND READY TO DREDGING
In article questions of steady and profitable work of coal mines are considered, the received dependences of borders of zones of steady unprofitable, steady profitable and their unstable work at the certain ratios the vskrykh prepared and the fulfilled coal reserves are presented.
Key words: work, mine, zones, steady, profitable, nestoychivy ratio, stocks.
JOURNAL IN JOURNAL
BORZYH D.M., NIKITINA A.M., RIB S.V., FRIANOV V.N., ZIGANSHIN A.G., PETROV A.S.
THE USE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNICAL MEANS TO ADJUST THE EXISTING METHODS OF SELECTION PARAMETERS ANCHOR MINE TIMBERING
In the present article deals with the actual problem of increasing the speed for mining and safety, as the excavation of tunnels and during their operation. The solution to these problems is achieved through improving the technology and mounting, as well as ways and means of construction of the mine timbering.
One of the most important factors increasing the reliability of the forecast parameters of the lining is the availability of reliable information on the actual structure of the roof rocks. Proceeding from the above, there is actual scientific and practical task of improving the reliability of the forecast of strength, deformation and structural parameters of the roof rocks to justify on the basis of optimal economic indicators and the factor of industrial safety technology securing mining, types and structures lining.
The use of innovative technical means to adjust the existing methods of prediction parameters anchor mine timbering using reliable information, obtained by visualization of the roof rocks endoscopic method will increase the safety of operations while reducing the time to conduct mining. The solution of this problem is the aim of the present work
Key words: underground mine, bolting, mine experiment, endoscopic imaging, borehole, the method, the calculation of the parameters of the support, the destruction and the strength of the rocks, the heterogeneity of the surrounding coal-array.
ZAYATDINOV D.F., GRECHISHKIN P.V., POZOLOTIN A.S., ROUT G.N.
TESTS DATA FOR DIFFERENT ROCK BOLTS INSTALLED WITH TWO-BARREL MINERAL COMPOSITIONS CAPSULE AMK DK
The author reports the laboratory and mine tests of different design rock bolts installed using two-barrel mineral composition capsules AMK DK. This combination ensures efficient fixation of rock bolts in roof and walls of an underground excavation with higher safety of mining in various ground conditions.
Key words: steel-mineral roof bolting, mineral composition, two-barrel capsule, installation technology, fastening sleeve, steel and combination rock bolts, cable bolts.
RIB S.V., FRIANOV V.N.
DEVELOP A SET OF PROBLEM-ORIENTED PROGRAMS FOR THE NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF HETEROGENEOUS COAL PILLARS