Mining wastewater treatment filters using 2D alk-MXene/Er3Fe5O12 composites

Modified 2D alk-MXene/Er3Fe5O12 composites were synthesized using simple hydrothermal technology and autonomous assembly. The modern research methods such as the scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy point at the major influence of the choice of the synthesis procedure and control on the microstructural features of samples. The optimum sequences of synthetic processes, the temperature conditions of synthesis, and the time of etching and sublimated drying are determined. The results demonstrate feasibility of creating alk-MXene/Er3Fe5O12 powders with high-effective adsorption properties (proved in treatment of wastewater of the Sadon Lead–Zinc Plant) subject to adherence to the proposed procedures and conditions of synthesis. SEM images of the surface structure and morphology of MAX (Ti3AlC2), MXene (Ti3C2), Er3Fe5O12, alk-MXene (Ti3C2Тх) and alk-MXene/Er3Fe5O12 composites show a distinct multi-layer structure and interlayer interspaces with smooth surfaces. The X-ray diffraction spectra, which characterize the crystalline nature, confirm the hexagonal phase of the test powders. The peaks, conformable with aluminium fluoride, vanish after etching. For another thing, the increased intensiveness of the peaks means that the interaction with NaOH can effectively improve crystallization and setting of MXene. The peaks of the Fourier-transform infrared spectrograms of MXene and alk-MXene at the wavelengths of 1629 and 586 cm–1 confirm the valence vibrations of the group of – NH2 and deformation vibrations of Ti–C bond. After combining alk-MXene with Er3Fe5O12, the peaks, typical of these materials at 3428 and 1639 cm–1, shift toward the higher wavenumbers, which points at the interaction between Er3Fe5O12 and MXene and ensures assembly of erbium ferrite garnet particles on the sheets of alk-Mxene.

Tsidaeva N. I., Nakusov A. T., Khaimanov S. A., Khubaev A. K. Mining wastewater treatment filters using 2D alk-MXene/Er3Fe5O12 composites. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2026;(3):18-31. [In Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2026_3_0_18.

The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant No. 24-12-20004, https://rscf./ru/project/24-12-20004.

N.I. Tsidaeva¹, Cand. Sci. (Phys. Mathem.), Professor, Director, https://t.me/GMIoff, e-mail: tsidaevan@mail.ru, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7022-4590,
A.T. Nakusov¹, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), https://t.me/GMIoff, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1685-015X,
S.A. Khaimanov¹, Senior Researcher, https://t.me/GMIoff, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5875-9659,
A.K. Khubaev¹, Senior Researcher, https://t.me/GMIoff, 
¹ Scientific Center «Magnetic Nanostructures», North Caucasus Mining and Metallurgical Institute (State Technological University), 362021, Vladikavkaz, Russia. 

N.I. Tsidaeva, e-mail: tsidaevan@mail.ru.

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