Technology of extracting precious and rare metals from manmade waste at NММС JSC

Currently, the world's reserves of deposits with high initial content and easily extractable ores are practically depleted. This necessitates involvement in the development of technogenic waste, difficult-to-enrich ores, and off-balance sheet dumps. It is important to note that the processing of these technogenic wastes, compared to natural mineral raw material sources, is distinguished by better technical and economic indicators due to the product's readiness for direct enrichment. The article presents the phase analysis results of the tailings, which show the presence of PGM, as well as impurity metals such as iron, aluminum, silicon, and calcium. An increased content of palladium, silver, and a decreased content of gold and platinum are observed. The surface layer of silver and palladium is arranged in a fine-grained state, with a particle size of 100 microns. In the study of waste processing, Knelson concentrators were used, with optimal enrichment regimes selected from. By changing the Knelson rotor speed and water consumption, it was possible to increase the degree of extraction of tungsten and vanadium into concentrate to 60.07 and 60.88%, respectively. Tungsten was separated from the gravity concentrate by flotation, followed by sintering roasting and water leaching to obtain scheelite powder. Precious metals were extracted by sorption cyanidation.

Vokhidov B. R., Saidakhmedov A. A.1, Khanna R., Kravchenko M. V., Murodillaeva S. O. Technology of extracting precious and rare metals from manmade waste at NММС JSC. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2025;(9-1):19-40. [In Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/ 0236_1493_2025_91_0_19.

B.R. Vokhidov¹, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of Chair, e-mail: bakhriddin.vokhidov@mail.ru,
A.A. Saidakhmedov¹, Assistant Professor, e-mail: aktam.saidaxmedov@bk.ru,
R. Khanna, Professor, University of New South Wales, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, e-mail: rita.khanna66@gmail.com,
M.V. Kravchenko, Director, Branch of National Research University MPEI in Tashkent, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, e-mail: Kravchenkomv@mpei.ru,
S.O. Murodillaeva¹, Student, e-mail: sabrinamurodillayeva0204@gmail.com,
¹ Navoi State University of Mining and Technologies, 210100, Navoi, Uzbekistan.

B.R. Vokhidov, e-mail: bakhriddin.vokhidov@mail.ru.

1. Sanakulov K. S., Petukhov O. F., Vasilenok O. P. Prospects for the Development of the Vanadium Complex Abroad and in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Mining Bulletin of Uzbekistan. 2017, no. 3, pp. 70—80. [In Russ].

2. Khursanov A. Kh., Khasanov A. S., Abdukadirov A. A., Vokhidov B. R. Tekhnologiya platinoidov [Platinum group technology], Tashkent, Mukharrir, 2021, 216 p.

3. Khasanov A. S., Vohidov B. R., Mamaraimov G. F. Study of the possibility of extracting vanadium from man-made waste. Scientific and Technical Journal of the Fergana Polytechnic Institute. 2020, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 97—102. [In Russ].

4. Vokhidov B. R. Development and improvement of technology for extraction of precious metals from technogenic raw materials. Universum: Technical Sciences. 2021, vol. 12-7(93), pp. 11—15. https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/12842. DOI: 10.32743/UniTech.2021.93.12.12842.

5. Sanakulov K., Ergashev U. A., Khamroev I. O., Fuzaylov O. U. A new approach to the classification of refractory gold-bearing ores on the example of Kyzylkum deposits. Non-Ferrous Metals Journal. 2023, vol. 9, pp. 22—30.

6. Vokhidov B. R., Khasanov A. S., Usmankulov O. N. Study of chemical technology of extraction of platinum group metals from concentrates of chemical processing plant under conditions of JSC AGMK. Innovatsionnye tekhnologii pererabotki mineral'nogo i tekhnogennogo syr'ya khimicheskoy, metallurgicheskoy, neftekhimicheskoy otrasley i proizvodstva stroitel'nykh materialov. Respublikanskaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya s uchastiem zarubezhnykh uchenykh [Innovative technologies of processing of mineral and technogenic raw materials of chemical, metallurgical, petrochemical industries and production of building materials. Republican scientific and practical conference with participation of foreign scientists], Tashkent, 2022, pp. 126—130. [In Russ].

7. Vokhidov B. R., Azimov O. A., Babaev M. Sh. Development of technology for processing of technogenic waste with gravity enrichment. Universum: Technical Sciences. 2022, no. 5(98). [In Russ]. https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/13777.

8. Semushkina L. V., Abdykirova G. Zh., Turysbekov D. K., Narbekova S. M., Kaldybayeva Zh. On the possibility to process copper-molybdenum ore using a combined flotation reagent. Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2021, vol. 4, no. 319, pp. 57—64. DOI: 10.31643/2021/6445.41.

9. Sharipov Kh. T., Borbat V. F., Daminova Sh. Sh., Kadirova Z. Ch. Khimiya i tekhnologiya platinovykh metallov [Chemistry and technology of platinum metals], Tashkent, 2018, 300 p.

10. Surimbayev B., Bolotova L., Akcil A., Yessengarayev Ye., Khumarbekuly Ye., Kanaly Ye., Akzharkenov M. Gravity concentration of gold-bearing ores and processing of concentrates: A Review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. 2024.

11. Wiils B. A., Finch J. A. Wiil’s mineral processing technology. Montréal, McGill University, 2016, 500 p.

12. Babaev M. Sh. Razrabotka tekhnologii izvlecheniya medi i blagorodnykh metallov iz okislennykh i smeshannykh rud [Development of technology for the extraction of copper and precious metals from oxidized and mixed ores], Doctor’s thesis, Navoi, 2024, 48 p.

13. Chen Q., Yang H.-Y., Tong L.-L. Research and application of a Knelson concentrator: A review. Mineral Engineering. 2020, vol. X, no. X. DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2016.04.007.

14. Meretukov M. A., Sanakulov K. S., Zimin A. V., Arustamyan M. A. Zoloto: khimiya dlya metallurgov i obogatiteley [Gold: chemistry for metallurgists and beneficiators], Moscow, Ruda i metally, 2014, 411 p.

15. Hall J. The extraction of iron and vanadium from titanoferous magnetite ore with particular reference to the contribution by the Republic of South Africa. Proceedings of International Symposium on Exploitation and Utilization of Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite, Panzhihua, China/Beijing: The Metallurgical Industry Press, 1989, pp. 38—48.

16. Bolotpay Baimbetov B., Moldabayeva G., Yeleuliyeva A., Jumankulova S., Taimassova A., Adilzhan Zh., Baisultanov R., Yakob E., Serikbayev V. Prospects of processing tungsten ores from the Akchatau deposit. Processes. 2024, vol. 12, no. 1, article 77. DOI: 10.3390/pr12010077.

17. Zhang Y.-P., Yang K., Fang Yi, Cabrera A. R., Peng C.-S., Lopez-Valdivieso A. Roasting temperature effect on the recovery of refractory gold and silver in pyrite concentrates. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B Metallurgy. 2021, vol. 57. DOI: 10.2298/JMMB200911019Z.

18. Wan L., Huang X., Deng D., Li H. Synthesis of scheelite from sodium tungstate solution by calcium hydroxide addition. Hydrometallurgy. 2015, vol. 154. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.03.010.

19. Li X., Jiang H., Peng Z., Duan A., Zhang T., Gong Z. Leaching of scheelite concentrate for tungsten extraction. Minerals. 2025, vol. 15, no. 5, article 475.

20. Dosmukhamedov N. K., Yussupova Zh. A., Kaplan V. A., Zholdasbay E. E. Optimization of cyanidation process for gold-bearing ores from Central Kazakhstan. Non-ferrous Metals. 2024, no. 2, pp. 39—44.

21. Mamaraimov G. F. Issledovanie tekhnologii izvlecheniya vanadiya iz rud Sidzhakskogo mestorozhdeniya [Study of vanadium extraction technology from Sidzhak deposit ores], Doctor’s thesis, Navoi, 2024, 48 p.

22. Kologrieva U. A., Volkov A. I., Zinoveev D., Krasnyanskaya I., Stulov P. E., Wainstein D. Investigation of vanadium-containing sludge oxidation roasting process for vanadium extraction. Metals. 2021, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 100—108. DOI: 10.3390/met11010100.

23. Erdenova M. B., Koizhanova A. K., Kamalov E. M., Abdyldaev N. N., Abubakriev A. T. Additional gold recovery from gold-bearing ore processing waste in Kazakhstan. Complex Use of Mineral Resources. 2018, no. 2, pp. 12—20. [In Russ].

24. Khujakulov N. В., Nasirova N. Research into the processing of gold-containing technogenic waste. E3S Web of Conferences. 2025, vol. 627, article 03008. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202562703008.