Blasting safety and destruction factor control in open pit mines

The buildup of the mineral production and consumption scales, the expansion of the mineral mining industry and the complication of the geographical and geological conditions of mineral mining against the background of the growing depth of open cutting aggravates the problems connected with stimulation of economic efficiency of mining, minimization of manmade loading and observation of regulatory requirements at blasting sites. The analyses of the known methods aimed at reduction of the environmental impact of large-scale blasting in deep open pits show that, despite a plentiful of technological and organizational decisions in this field, the present-day practice of blasting lacks the effective methods and means of suppression of a dust and gas cloud. The situation is associated with the fleetness of the cloud formation under the action of many random factors (weather, choice of explosives, physical and mechanical properties and water content of rocks, etc.). A dust and gas cloud is a tentative object, and its boundaries and parameters change continuously. The preventive engineering and organizational arrangements make it possible to reduce the risk of contingency situations, increase the production safety and rationalize the choice of explosives manufactured at plants in the neighborhood of blasting operations in deep open pits. It is found to be efficient to use a new-design stemming of blast holes as it prevents fly rocks with explosion gases through blast hole mouth, as well as increases duration of explosion momentum and the factor of the explosion utilization energy in rock fragmentation.

Umarov F. Y., Nasirov U. F., Sh.Sh. Zairov, Fatkhiddinov A. U., Nutfulloev G. S. Blasting safety and destruction factor control in open pit mines. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2024;(2):168-181. [In Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2024_2_0_168.

The study was carried out within the R&D plan for the division of the National University of Science and Technology–MISIS in Almalyk, topic: Efficient Blasting Technology at Reduced Oversize for Open Pit Mines of Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Plant, Project No. 63-13. This study pursues implementation of the objectives set by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Decree No. PP-4124 dated 17 January 2019: Further Improvement of Performance of the Mining and Metallurgical Industry.

F.Y. Umarov¹, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Director of the branch, Scopus ID 55827283800, e-mail: farkhodbek.umarov@yandex.ru,
U.F. Nasirov¹, Deputy Director for Research and Innovation, Scopus ID 56527108100, e-mail: unasirov@yandex.ru,
Sh.Sh. Zairov¹, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Sector, e-mail: sher-z@mail.ru, Scopus ID 56527393000, ResearcherID ABC-5825-2020, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1513-5683,
A.U. Fatkhiddinov, PhD, Acting Assistant Professor, Almalyk branch of Tashkent State Technical University, Almalyk, Republic of Uzbekistan, e-mail unasirov@yandex.ru,
G.S. Nutfulloev¹, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant Professor, Head of the Educational and Methodological Department, Scopus ID 57224988095, e-mail: gafurcom@mail.ru,
¹ Almalyk branch of NUST MISiS, Almalyk, Republic of Uzbekistan.

Sh.Sh. Zairov, e-mail: sher-z@mail.ru.

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