Effects of the mining sector on the quality of the living environment in mountainous terrains

The results of scientific research carried out on the objects of the mining and processing complex are presented. The analysis of the factors that cause the destruction of components of the biosphere area, reviewed the functioning of natural-technical systems with elements of a development ecosystem disorders with prolonged use of the field of the mining industry. The content of heavy metals of ore Genesis in the soil layer is shown and the influence of mobile ions on the agrobiocenoses of this zone is characterized. It is established that the greening of surface mining processes allows for the sustainable development of the ecosystem as a whole. Information on the level of influence of soil pollution on biota is provided. At the same time, recommendations are given for reducing mobile heavy metal ions in the soil horizon using local raw materials of organic and mineral origin. The decrease in productivity of land in the area of mining and processing production is experimentally proved, the natural landscape is transformed into a technogenic one, individual elements of the ecosystem are modified and acquire a stable irreversible negative character. The recommended recipe of ingredients for obtaining the necessary soil quality is given. the scheme of interaction of the natural and technical system with the components of the biosphere is presented and conclusions are given based on the results of the research.

Alborov I.D., Tedeeva F.G., Gutsaev F.H., O.G Burdzieva, Gegelashvili M.V. Effects of the mining sector on the quality of the living environment in mountainous terrains. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2020;(11-1):32-39. [In Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2020-111-0-32-39.

Alborov I.D.^1,2, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head Department of Ecology and Technosphere Safety; Ch. Researcher, Geophysical Institute, VSC RAS, e-mail: ekoskgmi@rambler.ru;
Tedeeva F.G.¹, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Prof. Department of Ecology and Technosphere Safety, e-mail: ekoskgmi@rambler.ru;
Gutsaev F.Kh.¹, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Ecology and Technosphere Safety Safety, e-mail: ekoskgmi@rambler.ru;
Burdzieva O.G.², Cand. Sci. (Geogr.), e-mail:ekoskgmi@rambler.ru;
Gegelashvili M.V., Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor;
¹ North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Vladikavkaz, Russia;
² Geophysical Institute of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladikavkaz, Russia.

Ivan Alborov, ekoskgmi@rambler.ru.

1. Agoshkov M.I., Malahov G.M. Podzemnaya razrabotka rudnyh mestorozhdenij [Underground development of ore deposits]. Moscow: Nedra, 1996. 663 p. [In Russ]

2. Alborov I.D., Tedeeva F.G. Improving the technology of environmental management by regulating the technogenic load. Vestnik MANEB. Saint-Petersburg:, 2008. Tom 13. no. 3. pp. 5—7. [In Russ]

3. Vorob’ev A.E., Lobanov D.P. Puti razvitiya gorno-dobyvayushchego i pererabatyvayushchego kompleksa Severo-Kavkazskogo regiona [Ways of development of mining and processing complex of the North Caucasus region]. Vladikavkaz: Izd-vo SK GMI «Terek», 1999. 398 p. [In Russ]

4. Vorob’ev A.E., Pobyvanec V.S., Sokolov I.V., Madaeva M.Z. Metodicheskie aspekty snizheniya pylezagryazneniya dlya obespecheniya promyshlennoj bezopasnosti gornyh landshaftov Severnogo Kavkaza [Methodological aspects of reducing dust pollution to ensure industrial safety of mountain landscapes of the North Caucasus]. Materialy III mezhdunarodnoj konferencii «Gornoe neftyanoe, geologicheskoe i geoekologicheskoe obrazovanie v XXI veke». Moscow: Gorno-Altajsk, 2008. S. 176. [In Russ]

5. Sena K., Barton C., Hall S., Angel P., Agouridis C., Warner R. Influence of spoil type on afforestation success and natural vegetative recolonization on a surface coal mine in Appalachia, United States. Restoration Ecology. 2015. Vol. 23(2). pp. 131—138. DOI: 10.1111/rec.12164.

6. Laarmann D., Korjus H., Sims A., Kangur A., Kiviste A., Stanturf J.A. Evaluation of afforestation development and natural colonization on a reclaimed mine site. Restoration Ecology. 2015. Vol. 23(3). pp. 301—309. DOI: 10.1111/rec.12187.

7. Prach K., Karešová P., Jírová A., Dvoková H., Konvalinková P., Ehounková K. Do not neglect surroundings in restoration of disturbed sites. Restoration Ecology. 2015. Vol. 23(3). pp. 310—314. DOI:10.1111/rec.12189.

8. Goncharenko S.N., Korostelev D.B. System analysis and forecast of indicators and indicators of effective activity in the field of environmental protection and environmental management. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2018. no. 9. pp. 104—110. [In Russ]

9. Kalugov D.R., Yukov V.A. On the principles of transition of mining enterprises to sustainable ecological balanced development. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2020. no. 3. pp. 74—86. [In Russ]

10. Koval’ V.T. Ohrana okruzhayushchej sredy [The environmental Protection]. Moscow: MGI, 1989. 154 p. [In Russ]

11. Koval’ V.T., Koval’ E.V. i dr. Ways to improve the efficiency of environmental management at the Mikhailovsky GOK. Gornyj zhurnal. 1996. no. 7—8. pp. 94—95. [In Russ]

12. Ocenka ekologo-geohimicheskoj obstanovki v rajone deyatel’nosti Sadonskogo svincovocinkovogo kombinata [Assessment of the ecological and geochemical situation in the area of Sadonsky lead-zinc combine]. Otchet MGU za 1990—1991 gg. Moscow. 120 p. [In Russ]

13. Pesterov A.P., Chemezov E.N. Assessment of the environmental condition of the stream pool Morgogor. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2015. no. 12. pp. 313—315. [In Russ]

14. Pochvy. Prirodnye resursy Respubliki Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya [Soil. Natural resources of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania]: v 18 t. Vladikavkaz: Proekt-Presc. 2000. 384 p. [In Russ]

15. Perti R., Stein W., Dahmen D., Buschhüt K. Sustainable follow-up use of recultivated surfaces. World of Mining Surface & Underground. 2013. Vol. 65(2). pp. 92—101.

16. Ngugi M.R., Neldner V.J., Doley D., Kusy B., Moore D., Richter C. Soil moisture dynamics and restoration of self-sustaining native vegetation ecosystem on an open-cut coal mine. Restoration Ecology. 2015. Vol. 23(5). pp. 615—624. DOI: 10.1111/rec.12221.

17. Trubeckoj K.N. Gornye nauki. Osvoenie i sohranenie nedr Zemli [Mining science. Development and conservation of the earth’s interior]. Moscow: Izd-vo AGN, 1997. 480 p. [In Russ]

18. Chaplygin N.N., Papichev V.I., Bliznyuk G.I., Proshlyakov A.A., Stolyarov D.O. Novye metody v ocenke vozdejstviya gornogo proizvodstva na okruzhayushchuyu sredu [New methods in assessing the impact of mining production on the environment]. Gornye nauki na rubezhe XXI v.: Materialy mezhdunarodnoj konferencii 1997. Ekaterinburg. Moscow, 1998. pp. 468—477. [In Russ]

19. Chmyhalova S.V., Sibatulina S.S. Analysis of indicators of the ecological state of the environment (on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan). MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2018. no. 4. pp. 119—127. [In Russ]

20. Drebenshtedt K., Golik V.I., Dmitrak Yu.V. The prospects of diversification of technology of extraction of metals in Rso-Alaniya. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories. 2018. T. 10. no. 1. pp. 125—131. [In Russ]

21. Golik V.I., Sobolev A.A., Dzaparov V.H., Harebov G.Z. Perspektivy razrabotki mestorozhdenij Sadona. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories. 2018. T. 10. no. 3. pp. 420—426. [In Russ]

22. Gabaraev O.Z., Dmitrak Yu.V., Drebenshtedt K., Savelkov V.I. Regularities of interaction of destroyed geo-materials and ore-bearing massif in the processing of processed deposited ore. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories. 2017. T. 9. no. 4. pp. 406—413. [In Russ]

23. Lolaev A.B., Hulelidze K.K., Butyugin V.V. Badoev A.S. Network planning for technological parameters optimization of the tailings alluvium process. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories. 2017. T. 9. no. 3. pp. 281—286. [In Russ]

24. Klyuev R.V., Bosikov I.I., Egorova E.V., Gavrina O.A. Assessment of mininggeological and mining technical conditions of the Severny pit with the use of mathematical models. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories. 2020. no. 3. pp. 418–427. [In Russ]